The baseball player Yogi Berra once said that “a nickel ain’t worth a dime anymore.” With inflation still elevated, many investors and consumers may be feeling this way as well. Not only are everyday costs higher due to energy prices, but short-term interest rates have fallen over the past two years.

This means that investors who have a significant portion of their portfolios in cash are seeing the purchasing power of their savings decline both as prices rise and as cash yields fall. With money market fund assets near record highs at $7.9 trillion, it’s likely that many investors have cash allocations that exceed what is appropriate for their financial plans.1 What do investors need to understand about the role of cash in their portfolios today?

The U.S. dollar affects all aspects of financial markets, the economy, and everyday life. Not only is the dollar an important unit of currency used to purchase goods and services, but its value is also affected by expectations around interest rates, inflation, trade, and more.

There is a saying that smooth seas do not make skillful sailors. When it comes to investing, at no time has this been more true than during the first half of the year. Investors faced major events including the war in Iran, oil prices pushing inflation to multi-year highs, and questions around artificial intelligence (AI). And yet, markets have climbed to new all-time highs, corporate earnings have grown at a double-digit pace, and many asset classes have performed well. The first six months have been a reminder of the importance of staying invested and maintaining a longer time horizon.

Consumer spending is the engine of the U.S. economy, accounting for roughly two-thirds of overall economic activity. In theory, when consumers feel financially secure and optimistic, they tend to spend more, driving corporate profits and economic growth. When they feel uncertain, they may tighten their belts. In reality, how consumers behave depends on many factors, especially because not all consumers are alike. For this reason, having a holistic understanding of the financial health of consumers is one of the most important ways for long-term investors to make sense of the current environment.

Alan Greenspan once said "since I've become a central banker, I have learned to mumble with great incoherence." Greenspan, who passed away recently at the age of 100, served as the Chair of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006 and became one of the most influential economic figures of the 20th century.1 As we reflect on his legacy just days after Kevin Warsh chaired his first Fed meeting, the parallels between the two leaders highlight several changes in how the Fed might operate in the coming years.